Moisturisers

     For the skin to remain normal and fresh, the upper most layer, namely the stratum corneum should contain more than 10% of the total water content. In places with tropical climate like India, heat, sun-rays and pollution tend to dry the skin. Thus, use of a moisturiser becomes essential.

    Basic components of moisturisers are:

1. Occlusive oils: They retard water loss from the skin.
2. Humectants: They increase the water content of the skin by absorbing water from the environment and lower layers of skin.
3. Hydrophilic matrices: They prevent water loss and have a soothing action.
4. Others: Water, sun-screens, emulsifying agents, preservatives, fragrances and coloring agents.
5. Special additives: Ceramides, Vitamins, EFA's, Aloevera, Urea, Lactic acid, Alfa-hydroxy acids, collagen, Elastin and Hyaluronic acid.

    A moisturiser should be used after bath on a moist skin surface. One may even use a sun-screen during the day and a moisturiser at bed time.
    People with normal or dry skin can use both creams and lotions which have water in oil emulsion.
    Those with oily skin should avoid using creams. Lotions with oil in water formulations are best suited for oily skin.