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Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. The practice of orthodontics requires professional skill in the design, application and control of corrective appliances, such as braces, to bring teeth, lips and jaws into proper alignment and to achieve facial balance.A number of queries come to our mind regarding this special branch of dentistry. Here are some of the most commonly enquired facts -

Who is an orthodontist?

All orthodontists are dentists, but only a few of them are orthodontists. An orthodontist is a specialist in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. Orthodontists must first complete a four-year dental graduate program at a university dental institution accredited by the Dental council of India (DCI) They must then successfully complete an additional three-year Post Graduate residency of advanced education in orthodontics

At what age can people have orthodontic treatment ?

Age doesn?t matter !Children and adults can both benefit from orthodontics, because healthy teeth can be moved at almost any age. It is generally recommended that all children have an orthodontic screening no later than age 7. Some orthodontic problems may be easier to correct if treated early. Waiting until all the permanent teeth have come in, or until facial growth is nearly complete, may make correction of some problems more difficult.

What causes orthodontic problems?

Most malocclusions are inherited, but some are acquired. Inherited problems include crowding of teeth, too much space between teeth, extra or missing teeth, and a wide variety of other irregularities of the jaws, teeth and face.Acquired malocclusions can be caused by trauma (accidents), thumb, finger or dummy (pacifier) sucking, airway obstruction by tonsils and adenoids, dental disease or premature loss of primary (baby) or permanent teeth. Whether inherited or acquired, many of these problems affect not only alignment of the teeth but also facial development and appearance as well.

Why is orthodontic treatment important?

Crooked and crowded teeth are hard to clean and maintain. This may contribute to conditions that cause not only tooth decay but also eventual gum disease and tooth loss. Other orthodontic problems can contribute to abnormal wear of tooth surfaces, inefficient chewing function, excessive stress on gum tissue and the bone that supports the teeth, or misalignment of the jaw joints, which can result in chronic headaches or pain in the face or neck.

What does orthodontic treatment cost?

The actual cost of treatment depends on several factors, including the severity of the patient?s problem and the treatment approach selected. You should be able to thoroughly discuss fees and payment options before any treatment begins

How long will orthodontic treatment take?

In general, active treatment time with orthodontic appliances (braces) ranges from one to three years. Interceptive, or early treatment procedures, may take only a few months. The actual time depends on the growth of the patient?s mouth and face, the cooperation of the patient and the severity of the problem. Mild problems usually require less time, and some individuals respond faster to treatment than others. Braces and style

Are braces fashionable?

You bet! As more people realise the importance of a great smile ? for both children and adults ? the demand for this service has increased. Braces now come in a variety of styles to suit each person ? from the almost invisible, to the most colourful imaginable, to 24k gold plated.

Any new innovations in Orthodontics?

In recent years, many advances in orthodontic materials have taken place. Braces are smaller and more efficient. The wires now being used are no longer just stainless steel. They are made of alloys of nickel, titanium, copper and cobalt, and some of the wires are heat-activated. These new kinds of wires cause the teeth to continue to move during certain phases of treatment, which may reduce the number of appointments, needed to make adjustments to the wires. The techniques available are also better and more efficient.

How do braces feel?

Most people have some discomfort after their braces are first put on or when adjusted during treatment. After the braces are on, teeth may become sore and may be tender to biting pressures for three to five days. The orthodontist will advise patients and/or their parents what, if any, pain relievers to take. The lips, cheeks and tongue may also become irritated for one to two weeks as they toughen and become accustomed to the surface of the braces. Overall, orthodontic discomfort is short-lived and easily managed.

Do teeth with braces need special care?

Patients with braces must be careful to avoid hard and sticky foods. They must not chew on pens, pencils or fingernails because chewing on hard things can damage the braces. Damaged braces will almost always cause treatment to take longer, and will require extra trips to the orthodontist?s office.Keeping the teeth and braces clean requires more precision and time, and must be done every day if the teeth and gums are to be healthy during and after orthodontic treatment. The orthodontist will advise often to brush, how often to floss, and, if necessary, suggest other cleaning aids that might help the patient maintain good dental health.

How important is patient cooperation during orthodontic treatment?

Successful orthodontic treatment is a "two-way street" that requires a consistent, cooperative effort by both the orthodontist and patient. To successfully complete the treatment plan, the patient must carefully clean his or her teeth, wear rubber bands, headgear or other appliances as prescribed by the orthodontist, and keep appointments as scheduled. Damaged appliances can lengthen the treatment time and may undesirably affect the outcome of treatment. The teeth and jaws can only move toward their desired positions if the patient consistently wears the forces to the teeth, such as rubber bands, as prescribed. Patients who do their part consistently make themselves look good and their orthodontist look smart.

Avoiding unsafe orthodontics

Safe orthodontics means that treatment should by done by a qualified specialist. Don?t be afraid to ask! Otherwise you could be putting you or your child at risk of unsafe treatment and practices. Things can go very wrong if you?re not in the hands of an expert. It?s vital that patients receive the correct treatment program from the outset. Previous inappropriate treatment can sometimes be rectified, but why take the chance with your health or that of your child? It is naturally best that treatment be entrusted to someone specially trained to cope with every eventuality or problem that may arise during the course of your treatment. Recycling ? some orthodontists re-use materials (wires, brackets or bands) that have already been in someone else?s mouth to save money!

Be sure to ask your orthodontist about their practice. It is your right to be fully informed of this. When left untreated, many orthodontic problems become worse. Treatment by a specialist to correct the original problem is often less costly than the additional dental care required to treat more serious problems that can develop in later years. The value of an attractive smile should not be underestimated. A pleasing appearance is a vital asset to one?s self-confidence. A person's self-esteem often improves as treatment brings teeth, lips and face into proportion. In this way, orthodontic treatment can benefit social and career success, as well as improve one?s general attitude toward life.

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