A pterygium is a fleshy growth that invades the cornea (the clear front window of the eye). It is an abnormal process in which the conjunctiva (a membrane that covers the white of the eye) grows into the cornea.

Complications of Pterygium

Recurrence after removal.

Causes of Pterygium

Scientists do not know what causes pterygia to develop. However, since people who have pterygia usually have spent a significant time outdoors, many doctors believe ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun may be a factor. In areas where sunlight is strong, wearing protective eyeglasses, sunglasses, and/or hats with brims are suggested. While some studies report a higher prevalence of pterygia in men than in women, this may reflect different rates of exposure to UV light.

Signs & Symptoms of Pterygium

The primary symptom of a pterygium is a painless area of elevated white tissue with blood vessels on the inner and/or outer edge of the cornea.

Diagnosis of Pterygium

A physical examination of the eyes and eyelids confirms the diagnosis. Special tests are usually not necessary.

Treatments of Pterygium

The most common treatment of pterygium is to have it removed. Surgery to remove a pterygium is not recommended unless it affects vision. If a pterygium is surgically removed, it may grow back, particularly if the patient is less than 40 years of age. Lubricants can reduce the redness and provide relief from the chronic irritation.

Prevention of Pterygium

Eye protection from ultraviolet light may have a preventive effect.

When to seek Medical Advice

• People with pterygium should be seen by an ophthalmologist annually, so that encroachment on the pupil can be recognized and treated before interference with vision.
• Call for an appointment with your ophthalmologist if you have had a pterygium in the past and symptoms recur.